2nd Edition of Public Health World Conference (PHWC) 2026

Abstract

Past studies reported the existence and persistence of residual impairments post-TIA. In Malaysia, limited published data on TIA patients and the absence of a locally tailored care module hinder effective management. Differences in lifestyle, culture, and healthcare resources between countries further limit the applicability of international findings. Method: Using the first three steps of the Design, Development and Research framework, this study identified problems, defined objectives, and developed a care module. Phase 1 involved review of 78 medical records and telephone interviews with patients to determine sociodemographic and clinical profiles, residual impairments, and information needs. Phase 2 comprised a scoping review (SR) to identify existing care program. The module was validated using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Patient Education Material Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P). Results: Most TIA cases were Malay (56.4%) and male (64.1%), with a median age of 67 years, and commonly presented with hypertension (85.9%), diabetes mellitus (80.8%), and hyperlipidaemia (56.4%). Residual impairments included fatigue (66.7%), weakness (54.2%), and balance problems (41.7%). All respondents requested accessible reference information, particularly on stroke prevention. The SR identified 16 relevant studies, mostly prevention-focused. The resulting two-section module provides targeted education and a structured physical activity program. Module validation with 12 experts yielded I-CVI scores of 0.83–1.00, with understandability and actionability scores of 86.35% and 91.67%, respectively. Implication of the results: A valid care module that addresses local post-TIA needs through evidence-based and culturally relevant content is essential. Future research is warranted to evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness in improving post-TIA functional outcomes and quality of life.